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最高裁判所、イリノイ州でのトランプの大統領令による国民衛兵の展開を阻止

裁判所の文書によると、最高裁判所の決定は、イリノイ州で国家警備隊を展開するトランプの計画を実質的に阻止するものである。この計画は、イリノイ州知事のJ・B・プリツカーから強い反対に遭遇していた。プリツカーは、国家警備隊の展開は連邦政府の権限の逸脱であり、州の主権に対する脅威であると主張していた。声明で、プリツカーは最高裁判所の決定を称賛し、「今日の判決は、法の支配と憲法の勝利である。大統領が私たちの州で国家警備隊を私たちの同意なしに単独で展開する権限を持たないことを確認する」と述べた。

行政側の控訴は、シカゴ地域での抗議活動が移民・関税執行局(ICE)のエージェントの安全に対する重大な脅威を構成するというトランプの主張に基づいていた。しかし、下級裁判所はこの主張を却下し、抗議活動は連邦政府に対する「反乱または反乱の危険」とはならないと裁定した。最高裁判所の決定は、実質的にこれらの下級裁判所の裁定を支持し、トランプのイリノイ州での国家警備隊の展開能力を阻止した。

トランプが控訴で引用した反乱法(Insurrection Act)では、大統領は反乱または内乱の場合に軍隊を展開できる。しかし、この法律は、州知事の同意も必要であり、プリツカーはこれを拒否していた。最高裁判所の決定は、特に大統領が州の役人からの反対に直面して権限を主張しようとする場合に、連邦政府と州政府の権限の間の緊張を浮き彫りにする。

この判決は、連邦政府と州政府の力関係のバランスに重大な影響を及ぼす。また、大統領の権限の限界と、行政府の権限を制限する司法の役割について疑問を提起する。国は、移民と国家安全保障の問題に対処し続ける中、最高裁判所の決定は、大統領が単独で軍隊を展開する能力に対する重要なチェックを提供する。

最高裁判所の決定は、トランプ政権と州の役人との間で移民政策をめぐる長期にわたる争いの最新の展開である。この事件は、移民政策の将来と連邦政府と州政府の力関係のバランスに広範囲にわたる影響を及ぼす可能性が高い。

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