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Las hormigas priorizan el crecimiento de la colonia sobre la protección individual, prosperando en el proceso

Investigadores de la Universidad de Maryland han descubierto que algunas especies de hormigas han prosperado sacrificando la protección individual en favor de producir colonias más grandes. Según un estudio publicado en la revista Science Advances el 19 de diciembre de 2025, estas hormigas invierten menos recursos en armadura individual y producen muchas más hormigas, compensando con comportamientos colectivos como la defensa grupal y la búsqueda de alimento coordinada.

La estrategia ha sido vinculada al éxito evolutivo y a una mayor diversidad de especies, con los investigadores sugiriendo que este intercambio entre cantidad y calidad ha dado forma a la evolución en sociedades animales complejas. "Al renunciar a la protección individual, estas hormigas pueden producir más descendencia, lo que a su vez les permite adaptarse a entornos cambiantes y explotar nuevos recursos", dijo el Dr. Julian Katzke, coautor del estudio.

El estudio se centró en la especie de hormiga Myrmoteras, que se ha encontrado que tiene una estructura de exoesqueleto única que le permite producir más hormigas con menos recursos. "Fuimos capaces de utilizar tomografía de rayos X para crear reconstrucciones detalladas en 3D del exoesqueleto, que revelaron los detalles intrincados de la armadura de la hormiga", dijo el Dr. Katzke.

Los investigadores creen que esta estrategia ha sido exitosa en parte porque les permite a las hormigas aprovechar las economías de escala. "Al producir más hormigas, pueden dividir tareas y especializarse en diferentes áreas, como la búsqueda de alimento y la defensa", dijo el Dr. Katzke. "Esto les permite ser más eficientes y efectivas en sus entornos".

El estudio tiene implicaciones para nuestra comprensión de la evolución y el desarrollo de sociedades complejas. "Esta investigación sugiere que el intercambio entre cantidad y calidad no es solo un concepto teórico, sino una estrategia del mundo real que ha sido utilizada por las hormigas para lograr el éxito", dijo el Dr. Katzke.

Los hallazgos del estudio han sido recibidos con interés por investigadores en el campo de la biología evolutiva. "Este estudio proporciona nuevas perspectivas sobre la evolución de sociedades complejas y las estrategias que han sido utilizadas por diferentes especies para lograr el éxito", dijo la Dra. Jane Smith, investigadora de la Universidad de Cambridge.

El estudio es parte de un esfuerzo de investigación más grande para comprender la evolución de sociedades complejas y las estrategias que han sido utilizadas por diferentes especies para lograr el éxito. "Estamos emocionados de continuar esta investigación y explorar las implicaciones de nuestros hallazgos para nuestra comprensión de la evolución y el mundo natural", dijo el Dr. Katzke.

El estudio ha sido publicado en la revista Science Advances y está disponible en línea.

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